First step is to define the type C harmonised standards referring to the machines of the same type as the designed and constructed machine, and in the case of atypical machine for which a type C standard has not been established – a search for a type C standard (or standards) concerning a wood processing machine similar to the designed atypical machine, i.e. compliant with it in a maximum number of criteria, according to the list of compliance criteria of wood processing machines (F19).
In case of inability to find a proper type C standard for wood processing machines, fixed and transportable, refer to, as in general case for machines, the EN ISO 12100 standard together with detailed solutions of the EN 691 standard (table F20). With respect to other wood processing machines (portable and hand-held) the procedure is identical as in the general case for machines, i.e. with reference to EN ISO 12100 standard.
This should include basic (for all the machines) and additional safety measures that can be taken with respect to the need to comply with additional essential safety requirements defined in Directive 42/2006/EC with reference to wood processing machines (table F21) and possibly with respect to hand-held machines (table F22).
F19 List of compliance criteria of wood processing machines for the choice of harmonised standards
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Wood processing machine |
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o fixed |
o transportable |
o portable |
o hand-held |
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Cutting tool |
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o circular saw |
o band saw |
o cutting shaft/ cutting head/ cylindrical cutter |
o drill bit/ face milling cutter |
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Processing |
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o counter-rotating |
o concurrent |
o longitudinal |
o transverse |
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Operational movement |
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o of the cutting tool |
o of the processed material |
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Feed |
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o mechanised |
o hand-fed |
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Feed movement |
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o of the material |
o of the table |
o of the holder with the material |
o of the cutting tool unit |
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Feeding |
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o mechanised |
o hand-fed |
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Location of cutting tools in the machine |
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o tool operating in the horizontal plane/ on the vertical spindle |
o tool operating in the vertical plane/ on the horizontal spindle |
o upper-spindle |
o lower-spindle |
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Number of cutting tools |
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o single |
o several tools of the same type on the same spindle next to one another |
o several tools of the same type on different spindles in the same cutting zone |
o several different types of tools in the same cutting zone |
F20 Correlation of the choice of safety measures according to EN ISO 12100 and the requirements of the EN 691 standard for fixed and transportable wood processing machines for which type C standards have not been established
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Item |
EN ISO 12100:2010 |
PN-EN 691-1 |
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§ Intrinsically safe measures |
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1. |
6.2.2.2 Physical aspects |
§ Tools and tool holders according to EN 847-1, 2 and 3. |
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2. |
6.2.2 Taking into account the geometric and physical aspects |
§ When designing machinery, the information and technical measures to control noise at source given in EN ISO 11688-1:2009 and EN ISO 11688-2:2002 shall be taken into account. |
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3. |
6.2.3 Taking into account the general technical knowledge in the field of machine design 6.2.4 Selection of appropriate technology |
§ Except for boring tools, that part of the tool which is not involved in machining shall be enclosed by a capture device § For machines fitted with hydraulic equipment the requirements of EN ISO 4413:2010 apply. |
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4. |
6.2.7 Provisions concerning the ease of use |
§ Where lighting is required as determined by reference to EN 1837:1999+A1:2009, it shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of EN 60204-1:2006+A1:2009. |
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5. |
6.2.9 Electrical hazards |
§ The protection against electric shock due to indirect contact should be ensured by automatic isolation of the electrical power supply of the machine by the operation of a protective device installed by the user in the line powering the machine § The degree of protection of all electric components outside of enclosure(s) and the enclosure(s) for electrical § Components itself/themselves shall be at least IP 54 § If the machine is fitted with hoses for chip and dust extraction, the hoses shall be able to lead charge to earth potential |
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6. |
6.2.10 Hazards arising from the use of pneumatic and hydraulic equipment |
§ Machinery fitted with hydraulic equipment according to EN ISO 4413:2010 |
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7. |
6.2.11 Using intrinsically safe structural solutions in the control systems |
§ The machine shall have sufficient immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to operate correctly in accordance with EN 61439-1:2011, EN 50370-1:2005 and EN 50370-2:2003. § NOTE Machines which incorporate CE-marked electrical components and where such components and cabling are § installed in accordance with their respective manufacturers instructions are generally considered to be protected against external electromagnetic disturbances. |
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8. |
6.2.11.8 Principles concerning manual control |
§ All hand-operated control actuators shall be positioned ≥600 mm and ≤ 1,800 mm above floor level and at a distance not exceeding 700 mm from the related operator's position measured in horizontal direction |
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§ Technical protective measures and complementary protective measures |
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9. |
6.3 Using technical protective measures and complementary protective measures |
§ To fix stationary machines to a suitable stable structure e.g. floor § Displaceable machines shall have the facility to make them stable during machining (e.g. by providing brakes for the wheels or a device to retract the wheels from the floor) § Machines provided with wheels shall have adequate stability during transportation § Work-piece feeding and guiding devices, e.g. feed roller(s), fences and pushers § enclosures § An automatic brake shall be provided for tool spindles § The braking torque shall not be applied directly to the tool itself or its flange(s) § Fixed guards that are to be demounted by the user shall be § Fitted with fitting elements remaining attached to the machine or to the guard when the guard is removed § Guards § AOPD § Sensitive protective equipment § Means for efficient support and guiding of the work-piece during machining, e.g. tables, § Carriages, feed rollers, work-piece clamping devices, pressure devices, fences § Except for boring tools, that part of the tool which is not involved in machining shall be enclosed by a capture device |
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10. |
6.3.4.5 Radiation |
§ If the machine is fitted with a laser to indicate the cutting line(s), the laser shall be of category 2, 2M or a lower risk category in accordance with the requirements of EN 60825-1:2007. |
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11. |
6.3.5.4 Measures for energy disconnection and dissipation |
§ Supply disconnecting device § If the machine is fitted with a DC injection braking system, the electrical supply disconnecting device shall be: § a) equipped with a blocking device. It shall only be possible to switch off the electrical supply disconnecting device after manually overriding the blocking device; or § b) not situated on the same side of the machine as the stop control(s). § Hydraulic and pneumatic isolators shall have their function, location and operational position(s) clearly identified, e.g. by a label or a pictogram. The label or pictogram shall be fitted in a position in close proximity to the installed location of the isolator on the machine (also see 6.2). § Where pneumatic supply is only used for clamping, a quick action coupling (see EN ISO 4414:2010) without the means for locking is acceptable only when the isolated machine (or part of machine) is so easy to survey that the disconnected coupling can be at all times under the control of the person making an intervention on the machine. |
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12. |
6.3.5.5 Provisions concerning easy handling of machines and their heavy parts ensuring safety |
§ Where necessary on the machine, work stations and the zones in which control devices, guards and protective devices are located shall be illuminated sufficiently to ensure that all work equipment and materials can be properly seen, and that eye strain is also avoided § Tanks containing hydraulic fluid, compressed air drainers and oilers shall be placed or oriented in such a way that the filler and drain pipes can be easily reached. § Parts of the machine with a mass exceeding 25 kg and which are required to be lifted for normal use with a lifting device shall include the necessary attachments to accommodate the fitting of a lifting device or lugs positioned such as to avoid their overturn or fall or move in an uncontrolled way during transport, assembly, dismantling and scrapping. |
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13. |
6.3.5.6 Measures for ensuring safe access to the machines |
§ Parts of the machine with a mass exceeding 25 kg and which are required to be lifted for normal use with a lifting device shall include the necessary attachments to accommodate the fitting of a lifting device or lugs positioned such as to avoid their overturn or fall or move in an uncontrolled way during transport, assembly, dismantling and scrapping. |
F21. List of suggestions of the selection of safety measures for wood processing machines
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Requirement as per the point of the Directive 2006/42/EC |
Safe design solutions |
Technical or complementary protective measures |
Informing the employees about failure to eliminate the risk and possible protection methods during machine use |
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2.3 a) safe fitting of the processed piece in the machine |
o automatic feeding of the material o housed machine structure preventing the contact of the operator with movable feeding elements o fixed or movable table of appropriate size adjusted to the processed material ensuring static support o machine elements near the place of fitting of the processed piece are smooth, without protruding or sharp edges o other …. |
o tunnel guards – increasing the distance from the movable feeding parts o appropriate device for fixing processed pieces with no flat surface o other ….
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o warning marking on the machine o description or pictograms presenting the procedure for fitting of the processed piece in the machine o information in user manual on the risk connected with fitting the processed piece in the machine and possible methods of protection during machine use o other …. |
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2.3 a) safe guiding of processed piece |
o automatic or mechanised guiding of material o mechanical object retainers to the sliding table o pneumatic or hydraulic material clamps, safe for the operator o material feeders safe for the operator, with no possibility to catch or crush the fingers between the segments o longitudinal guide o transverse guide (rip fence) o other …. |
o demountable power feed o technological device/handle for the material o hand pusher/ holder o other …. |
o information and warning marking on the machine o information in user manual on the risk connected with fitting the processed piece in the machine and possible methods of protection during machine use o other …. |
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2.3 a) ensuring stability of the machine table during operation |
o weight and dimensions of the machine ensuring its stability without the need to fix it o foundation of the machine and its fixing to the floor o fixing of the portable machine permanently to a stable table (fixed to the floor) o additional support for the table extension o other …. |
o wheel brakes of the transportable machine o securing against the protrusion of the sliding table o other …. |
o description or pictograms presenting the correct method for ensuring stability o information in user manual on the risk connected with lack of stability of the machine and on possible methods of checking and ensuring the stability during machine use o other …. |
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2.3 a) ensuring unobstructed movement of the processed piece in case of manual feeding |
o flat and smooth table surface o table rollers o longitudinal guides o transverse guide (rip fence) o sliding table o other …. |
o technological device/handle for the material o other …. |
o information in user manual on the methods of ensuring unobstructed movement of the processed piece o other …. |
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2.3 b) elimination of the possibility of ejection of the processed piece or its part from the machine or if it is not possible – limiting the risk connected with its ejection |
o reciprocating movement of the tool (e.g. as like in frame saws) o vertical direction of the cutting forces (as for example in a carpenter’s band saw) o mounting of the processed material in the machine (holders, clamps) o automation or mechanisation of feeding and advance of the material o preventing or obstructing the entrance to the hazard zone by the shaping of the machine o additional support for the processed piece of a size bigger than the table, which is thin or long o using the cutting tools for manual feed (according to EN 847-1) o other …. |
o riving knife o blowout prevention pawls o curtains protecting against the ejection of small elements (obscuring the feeding and/or receiving opening) o other blowout prevention device o preventing or obstructing the entrance to the hazard zone by barriers or fences o limitation of the hazard zone by processed piece movement limiters mounted on the table or machine table extensions o limitation of the hazard zone by barriers, fences or location of the machine by the blank wall in the room o other …. |
o warning marking on the machine ¾ information concerning the selection of the cutting conditions (tools and processing parameters) ¾ information on the ejection risk, danger zone and procedure safety rules ¾ information on prohibited procedures (processing of wood from demolition, use of worn tools, standing right in front of the cutting line, beginning the processing before reaching full speed or continuation of processing after switching off the drive) ¾ cutting speed selection plate on the machine ¾ other …. |
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2.3 c) machine equipped with automatic brake stopping the tool in an appropriately short time if there is a risk of contact with moving tool upon machine switch off |
o automation or mechanisation of the machine o housed machine structure preventing the contact of the operator with the tool o small moment of inertia of moving elements – no need for a brake o other …. |
o guard or other protection against the access to the cutting tool o use of automatic brake o other …. |
¾ information on the risk connected with the contact with moving tool upon machine switch off, on the danger zone and procedure safety rules ¾ information on prohibited procedures and methods of checking of the correctness of brake operation (and of the guards and other protections against access) ¾ other …. |
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2.3 d) elimination or reduction of risk of accidental injuries connected with the tool built in the machine which is not fully automated |
o use of the cutting tools compliant with the requirements for manual feed tools (according to PN-EN 847-1) o sliding table with holders o other …. |
o cutting tool guard o protective device other than the guard o technological device/handle for the material o demountable power feed o hand holders or pushers o other …. |
o warning marking of danger zone (cutting tool, tool guard) o information on the risk connected with the tool and on the safe procedure methods o other …. |
F22. List of suggestions of the selection of safety measures for portable, hand-held or manually operated wood processing machines
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Requirement as per the point of the Directive 2006/42/EC |
Safe design solutions |
Technical or complementary protective measures |
Informing the employees about failure to eliminate the risk and possible protection methods during machine use |
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2.2.1 ensuring the stability of the machine during its operation
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o large supporting surface o adequate, comfortable machine handles o supports with appropriate dimensions and adequately placed o balanced weight distribution of the machine o other …. |
o use of balancers for suspending the supply cable of the manual hand-held machine o sample depth limiters o compasses, typons, templates for processing along a circle route, curvilinear or defined shape processing o other ….
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o information in user manual on the risk connected with lack of stability and possible methods of ensuring the stability during machine use o other …. |
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2.2.1 placement of control elements for start-up and stop of the machine in a manner enabling the operator to use them without releasing the handles |
o placement of control elements for start-up and stop of the machine according to the requirement o fitting the machine with an independent control device while ensuring the safety of use of the machine in a different manner |
¾ |
o marking of control elements when it is not clear o |
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2.2.1 not producing the risk of accidental start-up or continuation of machine operation after the release of handles by the operator
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o machine start-up control system solution compliant with the requirement
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o other …. |
¾ information in user manual on possible not eliminated residue risk and procedure safety principles o other …. |
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2.2.1 the possibility to visually observe the cutting zone of the cutting tool
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o shape and dimensions of the machine ensuring the possibility of direct visual observation of the cutting zone o cutting zone lighting installed in the machine o laser cutting line indicator o other …. |
o openwork supports, flanges or supporting surfaces o transparent guards for cutting zone o other …. |
o information in user manual on the procedure safety rules during machine use o other …. |
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2.2.1 uncomplicated start-up and stop of the machine by means of adequately designed and built machine handles |
o design and construction of machine handles according to the requirement
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¾ |
o information in user manual on the procedure safety rules during machine use o other …. |
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2.2.1.1 instructions in user manual concerning the total value of vibrations transmitted by portable hand-held or hand-guided machines, to which the hand-arm system is subjected |
¾ |
¾ |
o warning marking on the machine o instructions in user manual concerning the total value of vibrations transmitted by portable hand-held or hand-guided machines, to which the hand-arm system is subjected, if this value exceeds 2.5 m/s2 o indication in the instructions that this value does not exceed 2.5 m/s2 |